Research (By Topic)

My research focuses on the design and deployment of AI systems that empower human decision-makers and improve societal outcomes. Operating at the intersection of machine learning, operations research, and economics, I investigate the complex dynamics of human-AI interaction. To bridge theory and practice, I develop novel methodologies in contextual bandits, transfer learning, and policy optimization, and rigorously test these approaches through large-scale field deployments in healthcare, education, and public policy. Selected papers in each direction (1) AI for social impact, (2) ML/AI Algorithmic Methods, and (3) human-AI collaboration are included below.

AI for Social Impact

I am especially excited about partnering with governments, NGOs, and schools to study how/where AI can improve human outcomes in the field.

Education and human capital development

Effective Personalized AI Tutors via LLM-Guided Reinforcement Learning

T.-H. Chung, B. Zhang, L.-C. Kung, H. Bastani* and O. Bastani*

(* equal last authorship)

Self-Regulated AI Use Hinders Long-Term Learning

S. Poulidis, H. Bastani and O. Bastani

Generative AI Without Guardrails Can Harm Learning: Evidence from High School Mathematics

H. Bastani*, O. Bastani*, A. Sungu*, H. Ge, Özge Kabakçı and R. Mariman
PNAS (2025)

(* equal first authorship); cited in the 2025 Economic Report of the President

Healthcare and public sector

Improving Access to Essential Medicines via Decision-Aware Machine Learning

T.-H. Chung, J. Abdulai, P. Bayoh, L. Sandi, F. Smart, H. Bastani* and O. Bastani*
Nature, Research Article (forthcoming)

(* equal last authorship)

1st Place, Public Sector in Operations Best Paper Award (2024)
1st Place, Service Science Best Student Paper Award (Chung, 2025)
2nd Place, Pierskalla Award for Best Paper in Healthcare (2025)
2nd Place, Doing Good with Good OR Best Student Paper Award (Chung, 2024)
Finalist, MSOM Student Paper Competition (Chung, 2024)

Efficient and Targeted COVID-19 Border Testing via Reinforcement Learning

H. Bastani*, K. Drakopoulos*, V. Gupta*, J. Vlachogiannis, C. Hadjicristodoulou, P. Lagiou, G. Magiorkinis, D. Paraskevis and S. Tsiodras
Nature (2021)

(* equal first authorship)

1st Place, Pierskalla Award for Best Paper in Healthcare (2021)
2nd Place, Public Sector in Operations Best Paper Award (2021)

Adaptive Clinical Trial Designs with Surrogates: When Should We Bother?

A. Anderer, H. Bastani and J. Silberholz
Management Science 68 (3), 1982-2002 (2022) [Data & Code]
1st Place, Pierskalla Award for Best Paper in Healthcare (2019)
1st Place, MSOM Student Paper Competition (Anderer, 2020)
Finalist, Public Sector in Operations Best Paper Award (2020)

Unmasking Human Trafficking Risk in Commercial Sex Supply Chains with Machine Learning

P. Ramchandani, H. Bastani and E. Wyatt
M&SOM (2025)

(collaboration with TellFinder Alliance & Uncharted Software)

1st Place, MSOM Student Paper Competition (Ramchandani, 2022)
1st Place, Service Science Best Student Paper Award (Ramchandani, 2021)
2nd Place, POMS Sustainable OM Best Student Paper Award (Ramchandani, 2022)
Finalist, Public Sector in Operations Best Paper Award (2021)
People's Choice Award, Early-Career Sustainable OM Workshop (2022)

Bandits for Online Calibration: An Application to Content Moderation on Social Media Platforms

V. Avadhanula, O. Baki, H. Bastani, O. Bastani, et al.
NeurIPS DMML & RL4RealLife Workshops (2022)

Machine Learning Algorithms

I build methods that can learn useful data-driven decisions from limited, high-dimensional data, often dynamically or across multiple sources. My focus has been on policy optimization, contextual bandits, and transfer learning.

Policy Optimization

Winner’s Curse Drives False Promises in Data-Driven Decisions: A Case Study in Refugee Matching

H. Bastani, O. Bastani and B. McLaughlin

Beating the Winner’s Curse via Inference-Aware Policy Optimization

H. Bastani, O. Bastani and B. McLaughlin

Bandits & Transfer Learning

Optimal Multitask Linear Regression and Contextual Bandits under Sparse Heterogeneity

X. Huang, K. Xu, D. Lee, H. Hassani, H. Bastani and E. Dobriban
JASA (2025)

Multitask Learning and Bandits via Robust Statistics

K. Xu and H. Bastani
Management Science (2025)
3rd Place, IBM Service Science Best Student Paper Award (Xu, 2022)

Group-Sparse Matrix Factorization for Transfer Learning of Word Embeddings

K. Xu, X. Zhao, H. Bastani and O. Bastani
Minor Revision, Management Science, preliminary version in ICML (2021)

Meta Dynamic Pricing: Transfer Learning Across Experiments

H. Bastani, D. Simchi-Levi and R. Zhu
Management Science, 68 (3), 1865-1881 (2022)

Predicting with Proxies: Transfer Learning in High Dimension

H. Bastani
Management Science 67 (5), 2964-2984 (2021)

Mostly Exploration-Free Algorithms for Contextual Bandits

H. Bastani, M. Bayati and K. Khosravi
Management Science, 67(3), 1329-1349 (2021) [Code]

Online Decision-Making with High-Dimensional Covariates

H. Bastani and M. Bayati
Operations Research, 68 (1), 276-294 (2020)
1st Place, Pierskalla Award for Best Paper in Healthcare (2016)
1st Place, George Nicholson Student Paper Competition (2016)
1st Place, MSOM Student Paper Competition (2016)
1st Place, IBM Service Science Best Student Paper Award (2016)

Human-AI Collaboration

I'm interested in how AI systems should be designed to collaborate with (rather than replace) humans. Humans have limited attention, require incentives, may be unfair, and learn over time; these factors shape human-AI collaboration.

The Human-AI Contracting Paradox

H. Bastani and G. Cachon

Action vs. Attention Signals for Human-AI Collaboration: Evidence from Chess
Major Revision, Management Science

S. Poulidis, H. Ge, H. Bastani and O. Bastani

1st Place, Decision Analysis Society Student Paper Award (Poulidis, 2025)
Finalist, TIMES Working Paper Award (2025)

Perceptions of Fairness in Algorithmic Decision-Making

B. Hsiao, H. Bastani, M. Kearns, A. Roth and D. Watts

Rethinking Algorithmic Fairness for Human-AI Collaboration

H. Ge, H. Bastani and O. Bastani
Major Revision, Management Science, preliminary version in ITCS (2024)

Improving Human Sequential Decision-Making with Reinforcement Learning

H. Bastani, O. Bastani and P. Sinchaisri
Management Science (2026)

1st Place, Behavioral OM Best Working Paper Award (2021)
1st Place, INFORMS Data Mining Best Paper Award (2022)
2nd Place, TIMES Working Paper Award (2021)
2nd Place, POMS Behavioral OM Junior Scholar Paper Award (Sinchaisri, 2021)

Interpretable OR for High-Stakes Decisions: Designing the Greek COVID-19 Testing System

H. Bastani*, K. Drakopoulos*, V. Gupta*, J. Vlachogiannis, C. Hadjicristodoulou, P. Lagiou, G. Magiorkinis, D. Paraskevis and S. Tsiodras
INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (2022)

(* equal first authorship)

1st Place, Wagner Prize for Excellence in Operations Research Practice (2021)

Interpreting Predictive Models for Human-in-the-Loop Analytics

O. Bastani, C. Kim and H. Bastani
FATML Workshop (2017)
Finalist, Pierskalla Award for Best Paper in Healthcare (2018)
News coverage: New York Times, Sloan Management Review